Structural engineering is a subdiscipline of civil engineering in which structural engineers are trained to design the “bones and muscles” that create the shape and shape of man-made structures. In the workforce, we call ourselves civil engineers or structural engineers, depending on our area of expertise. Civil engineers participate in different projects and different aspects of projects to those in which structural engineers participate. Civil and structural engineering are two disciplines of engineering. Engineering disciplines deal with the design, evaluation, preservation and construction of elements.
The difference between civil engineering and structural engineering is complicated. This is because the task of discerning the two disciplines would be difficult before understanding the concepts behind each of the races. Civil engineering structures are planned, analyzed, designed and built in modern times using the predictions of computational models. Like most other engineering disciplines, civil engineering practice also follows deterministic analyses for structural analysis and design. However, real-world structural engineering problems have a number of uncertainties associated with them, and deterministic models alone are not sufficient for the prediction of these uncertainties.
A computational model that quantifies uncertainties from various sources can provide a clear view of the behavior of the structural system and make reliable predictions of amounts of interest (QoI). Depending on the objectives set, there are two types of problems of quantification of uncertainty, namely (forward propagation of the problem of uncertainty and problem (inverse).In the forward propagation of uncertainty (also known as the push forward problem), uncertainties in the QoI are evaluated on the basis of uncertainties in the inputs. Known uncertainties in inputs propagate through the model to obtain uncertainties in the output QoI (Smith, 201). However, in the case of the inverse problem, from some observations of the output QoI or other observable quantities, the corresponding uncertainties in the input parameters are decided, in such a way that, when these input parameters are fed through the system, they will produce the given output QoI (Vogel, 200).
In many cases of structural engineering practice, the structure to be designed is mostly unique and data on QoI are not available during analysis and design; in many cases, the situation continues even after construction of the structure. A brief introduction to the uncertainties in structural engineering design for practicing engineers can be found in the work reported by Bulleit (200).Civil engineering design establishes the general concept of the structure. The civil structural engineer then does a structural analysis to see if the proposed structure and its materials will withstand the expected loads and forces. Structural design is a highly specialized area of civil engineering.
It can be described as a set of methods or tools that are used to determine safe and economical specifications for a structure, and to ensure that a planned structure is strong enough to withstand its intended load. Structural engineers perform structural analysis to determine what internal and external forces might affect the structure, then design a structure with the right materials and reinforcements to meet the requirements. Just like a tree branch that does not bend breaks in the wind, a structure that cannot absorb external forces is vulnerable to damage and instability. I've seen a lot of ads lately about structural engineering consultants and I'm curious. The term “civil” engineer is broader than that of “structural” engineer, which may include infrastructure such as pipelines, transportation, environmental engineering, maritime engineering, etc. Structural engineers also come on board if there is damage to a structure due to fire, corrosion, environmental deterioration, impact or wear that could result in a loss of capacity and impose a threat to the safety of the public.
Civil engineering is considered the second oldest engineering discipline, and military engineering is considered the oldest. Structural engineers design, evaluate and inspect structures to ensure they are efficient and stable. Buried pipes (with direct interface with the ground), support (channels) and protective structures for underground pipelines. The load parameters of the system, such as the wind speed acting on the structure, the seismic load that can be induced during the life of the structure, etc., environmental loads, live loads and dead loads are the main classes of loads that structural engineers analyze. Therefore, a forward spread of uncertainty is of paramount importance in structural engineering problems. Structural engineering deals with the design and structural analysis of buildings, bridges, towers, lighthouses, tunnels, and even offshore structures such as oil platforms. Wind loads are live loads but their effects are considered separately because they are affected by the location, size and shape of a structure.
This is why structural engineers use safety factors in their design to account for uncertainty in load assumptions and unexpected deficiency in construction material or hand. Therefore it is important to develop reliability models based on degradation data that accurately determine the residual life of structures. .
